Table of Contents

Debate continues about whether we should continue to use eponymous diagnostic nomenclature or shift entirely to an anatomic or pathophysiologic descriptive terminology.

The patient had edema that limited finger flexion, impairing daily tasks such as putting on socks.

Two days after the patient underwent surgery to repair a left femur fracture, his abdomen became markedly distended, but without pain.

The patient’s chest radiograph showed a focal area of reduced blood flow in the middle and upper zones of the right lung.

Detecting alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency early is imperative because diagnostic delay is associated with harm, including worsened clinical status and impaired survival.

The patient was admitted to the hospital because of dark urine, jaundice, fatigue, and confusion.

Key updates in the 2025 guideline include simplifying dietary restrictions to low-residue foods for a single day before colonoscopy, preferring 2-L over 4-L preparation regimens, and universally recommending split-dose administration.

Because this syndrome affects health throughout the lifespan, long-term management is essential, not only to control symptoms but also to prevent associated metabolic conditions.