PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Leonard H. Calabrese AU - Tiphaine Lenfant AU - Cassandra Calabrese TI - Cytokine storm release syndrome and the prospects for immunotherapy with COVID-19, part 3: The role of GM-CSF AID - 10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc057 DP - 2020 Aug 04 TA - Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 4099 - http://www.ccjm.org/content/early/2020/08/12/ccjm.87a.ccc057.short 4100 - http://www.ccjm.org/content/early/2020/08/12/ccjm.87a.ccc057.full AB - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been used experimentally in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Recombinant GM-CSF administered by direct inhalation is currently being studied in a cohort of patients with advanced COVID-19.