RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Coronary microvascular dysfunction: Considerations for diagnosis and treatment
JF Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
JO Cleve Clin J Med
FD Cleveland Clinic
SP 561
OP 571
DO 10.3949/ccjm.88a.20140
VO 88
IS 10
A1 Benita Tjoe
A1 Lili Barsky
A1 Janet Wei
A1 Bruce Samuels
A1 Babak Azarbal
A1 C. Noel Bairey Merz
A1 Chrisandra Shufelt
YR 2021
UL http://www.ccjm.org/content/88/10/561.abstract
AB Ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is an increasingly recognized cause of angina, and it is more commonly diagnosed in women. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), or the abnormal dilation and constriction of the small vessels of the heart, is the underlying cause of INOCA in one-half of cases. This review discusses coronary microvascular pathophysiology, considerations for invasive coronary function testing and noninvasive diagnostic modalities, implications for management, and remaining knowledge gaps.