RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Chronic anal pain: A review of causes, diagnosis, and treatment
JF Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
JO Cleve Clin J Med
FD Cleveland Clinic
SP 336
OP 343
DO 10.3949/ccjm.89a.21102
VO 89
IS 6
A1 Charles H. Knowles
A1 Richard C. Cohen
YR 2022
UL http://www.ccjm.org/content/89/6/336.abstract
AB Chronic anal pain is difficult to diagnose and treat, especially with no obvious anorectal cause apparent on clinical examination. This review identifies 3 main diagnostic categories for chronic anal pain: local causes, functional anorectal pain, and neuropathic pain syndromes. Conditions covered within these categories include proctalgia fugax, levator ani syndrome, pudendal neuralgia, and coccygodynia. The signs, symptoms, relevant diagnostic tests, and main treatments for each condition are reviewed.