PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Butts, Samantha F.
TI  - The overlooked and undertreated perils of premature ovarian insufficiency
AID  - 10.3949/ccjm.92gr.25056
DP  - 2025 Aug 01
TA  - Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
PG  - 475--482
VI  - 92
IP  - 8
4099  - http://www.ccjm.org/content/92/8/475.short
4100  - http://www.ccjm.org/content/92/8/475.full
SO  - Cleve Clin J Med2025 Aug 01; 92
AB  - Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is loss of ovarian function before age 40. Genetic, autoimmune, and iatrogenic causes are well defined, but 90% of cases are idiopathic. POI prevalence is estimated to be between 3% and 4%, with many cases undiagnosed or untreated. Affected individuals experience prolonged estrogen deficiency unless hormone therapy is instituted to restore physiologic levels. Untreated POI is associated with multiple health risks, including premature death due to cardiovascular disease.