RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Perioperative beta-blockers in noncardiac surgery: The evidence continues to evolve JF Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine JO Cleve Clin J Med FD Cleveland Clinic SP 501 OP 512 DO 10.3949/ccjm.81a.14015 VO 81 IS 8 A1 Muzammil Mushtaq A1 Steven L. Cohn YR 2014 UL http://www.ccjm.org/content/81/8/501.abstract AB The effectiveness and safety of giving beta-blockers to patients undergoing noncardiac surgery remain controversial. The use of these drugs in this clinical scenario increased after the publication of two positive trials in the late 1990s and was encouraged by national organizations and clinical guidelines. However, when several subsequent studies failed to show a benefit, recommendations became more limited and use decreased. This paper reviews recent evidence for and against the perioperative use of beta-blockers.