PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - John J. McGill
AU  - Daniel A. Shoskes
AU  - Edmund S. Sabanegh, Jr.
TI  - Androgen deficiency in older men: Indications, advantages, and pitfalls of testosterone replacement therapy
AID  - 10.3949/ccjm.79a.12010
DP  - 2012 Nov 01
TA  - Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
PG  - 797--806
VI  - 79
IP  - 11
4099  - http://www.ccjm.org/content/79/11/797.short
4100  - http://www.ccjm.org/content/79/11/797.full
SO  - Cleve Clin J Med2012 Nov 01; 79
AB  - The decline in testosterone with age has been associated with specific physical changes that affect quality of life and life expectancy, although a cause-and-effect relationship is yet to be established. While female menopause is rapid and well described, “male menopause” or androgen decline in older men is gradual and marked by nonspecific symptoms. This makes diagnosis of true testosterone deficiency and prediction of response to testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) challenging. This article reviews androgen decline in men, focusing on those over age 40, and covers symptoms, indications, contraindications, diagnosis, treatments, and the risks and benefits of treatment.