RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Preconditioning paradigms and pathways in the brain
JF Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
JO Cleve Clin J Med
FD Cleveland Clinic
SP S77
OP S82
VO 75
IS 3 suppl 2
A1 Shpargel, Karl B.
A1 Jalabi, Walid
A1 Jin, Yongming
A1 Dadabayev, Alisher
A1 Penn, Marc S.
A1 Trapp, Bruce D.
YR 2008
UL http://www.ccjm.org/content/75/3_suppl_2/S77.abstract
AB Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which the brain protects itself against future injury by adapting to low doses of noxious insults. Preconditioning stimuli include ischemia, low doses of endotoxin, hypoxia, hypothermia and hyperthermia, cortical spreading depression, anesthetics, and 3-nitropropionic acid, among others. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying preconditioning has been elusive, but NMDA receptor activation, nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines, and suppression of the innate immune system appear to have a role. Elucidation of the endogenous cell survival pathways involved in preconditioning has significant clinical implications for preventing neuronal damage in susceptible patients.