RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Perioperative beta-blockers in noncardiac surgery: Evolution of the evidence JF Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine JO Cleve Clin J Med FD Cleveland Clinic SP 513 OP 519 VO 75 IS 7 A1 Brian Harte A1 Amir K. Jaffer YR 2008 UL http://www.ccjm.org/content/75/7/513.abstract AB After studies in the 1990s suggested that beta-blockers offer substantial benefits when given before surgery, several national organizations endorsed the perioperative use of these drugs as a best practice in certain patients. However, subsequent research has cast doubt on whether it is appropriate to use these drugs as widely as suggested by those early studies.