PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gupta, Asok Das
AU  - Maurer, Janet
TI  - Late-stage emphysema: When medical therapy fails
DP  - 1999 Jul 01
TA  - Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
PG  - 415--425
VI  - 66
IP  - 7
4099  - http://www.ccjm.org/content/66/7/415.short
4100  - http://www.ccjm.org/content/66/7/415.full
SO  - Cleve Clin J Med1999 Jul 01; 66
AB  - Although most patients with emphysema are managed medically, a small subset of severely disabled patients may become candidates for surgery. This paper discusses for the internist who works with emphysema patients the risks, benefits, patient selection criteria, and outcome data for three procedures in current use: bullectomy, lung transplantation, and a new procedure which provides an alternative to transplantation—lung volume reduction.