RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Late-stage emphysema: When medical therapy fails JF Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine JO Cleve Clin J Med FD Cleveland Clinic SP 415 OP 425 VO 66 IS 7 A1 Gupta, Asok Das A1 Maurer, Janet YR 1999 UL http://www.ccjm.org/content/66/7/415.abstract AB Although most patients with emphysema are managed medically, a small subset of severely disabled patients may become candidates for surgery. This paper discusses for the internist who works with emphysema patients the risks, benefits, patient selection criteria, and outcome data for three procedures in current use: bullectomy, lung transplantation, and a new procedure which provides an alternative to transplantation—lung volume reduction.