PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Waters, Tina
TI  - Alternative interventions for obstructive sleep apnea
AID  - 10.3949/ccjm.86.s1.06
DP  - 2019 Sep 01
TA  - Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
PG  - 34--41
VI  - 86
IP  - 9 suppl 1
4099  - http://www.ccjm.org/content/86/9_suppl_1/34.short
4100  - http://www.ccjm.org/content/86/9_suppl_1/34.full
SO  - Cleve Clin J Med2019 Sep 01; 86
AB  - Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and has been shown to positively impact quality of life and cardiovascular outcomes. However, not all patients with OSA can use or tolerate PAP therapy. Alternative interventions to PAP include lifestyle measures, surgical interventions, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, oral appliance therapy, and expiratory PAP devices for OSA. While these alternative interventions may benefit patients and have demonstrated improvements in OSA and quality-of-life measures, the cardiovascular impact of these interventions is uncertain as data are limited.