RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of systemic and pulmonary venous anomalies JF Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine JO Cleve Clin J Med FD Cleveland Clinic SP 55 OP 60 VO 52 IS 1 A1 Dale L. Haggman A1 Douglas S. Moodie A1 Richard Sterba A1 Carl C. Gill YR 1985 UL http://www.ccjm.org/content/52/1/55.abstract AB The authors studied 17 patients with systemic and pulmonary venous anomalies. Digital and analog systems with single or average multiple masks were used with two commercially available systems with radiographic or continuous modes. In all patients, contrast material was injected into a peripheral vein (usual dose, 0.5-1.0 mL/kg). Digital subtraction angiograms were compared with cardiac angiograms and echocardiograms. In all 17 patients, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) studies provided information that could have eliminated some or all of the routine cardiac catheterization procedure. There were no complications following any of the DSA studies. DSA is a safe and effective technique for the evaluation of patients with systemic and pulmonary venous anomalies.