RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Extracorporeal renal surgery and autotransplantation for complicated stone disease JF Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine JO Cleve Clin J Med FD Cleveland Clinic SP 21 OP 26 VO 52 IS 1 A1 Novick, Andrew C. YR 1985 UL http://www.ccjm.org/content/52/1/21.abstract AB Most patients with extensive renal calculous disease can be managed satisfactorily by percutaneous or in situ surgical techniques. However, in selected patients with advanced nephrolithiasis in whom prior surgical therapy has failed, extracorporeal renal lithotomy and/or autotransplantation may provide the best method of achieving complete stone removal and unobstructed urinary drainage from the upper urinary tract. The most common indications for this approach are recurrent nephrolithiasis with stenosis of the renal pelvis or ureter, recurrent renal colic, and extensive ureteral loss following prior operative therapy. In all cases, close postoperative follow-up, with prevention of infection and treatment of metabolic disorders, is integral to successful long-term management.