TABLE 1

Sonographic findings in pulmonary edema, COVID-19 viral pneumonia, and bacterial pneumonia

	Pulmonary Edema		COVID-19 (viral pneumonia)		Bacterial pneumonia
	Cardiogenic pulmonary edema	Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (A ROS)	Severe lung involvement	Mild-moderate lung involvement	Non-lobar pneumonias	Lobar pneumonia
	B lines	Diffuse Dependent distribution	Diffuse Maybe confluent	Diffuse May be confluent	Focal, derived from areas of irregular pleura	Variable (Focal, multifocal, or diffuse)	Adjacent to consolidations
Spared areas	Absent	Present	Present	Present	Present	Present
Pleura	Smooth	Irregular	Irregular	Irregular	Irregular	Irregular
Pleural sliding	Normal	Reduced	Reduced	Reduced	Reduced	Reduced
Subpleural consolidations	Not seen^{^*}	Present	Present	Present	Maybe present	Maybe present
Large consolidations	Not seen^{^*}	Present, typically dependent	Present, typically dependent	Not seen^{^*}	Not seen	Lobar, with air bronchograms
Moderate-large pleural effusion	Often present	Infrequent. Small pleural effusions maybe present	Infrequent Small pleural effusions may be present	Not seen^{^*}	Not seen	Maybe present.
Laterality	Bilateral	Bilateral	Bilateral	Bilateral	Unilateral	Unilateral