TABLE 1

Immunotherapeutic strategies for COVID-19

Kinase inhibitors
Tofacitinib, baricitinib, ruxolitinib, others
Targeted therapy
Inhibitors of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; interferon gamma
Tolerogenic therapies
T-cell regulators, low-dose IL-2
Cellular therapies
Natural killer cell therapies, antiplasmacytoid dendritic cell, others
Passive therapy
Intravenous immune globulin, immune plasma, specific antibodies
Nonspecific therapies
Glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors