Vaccine candidates in phase 3 or higher clinical trials
| Developer (Vaccine name) | Platform | Vaccine type | Doses | Efficacy | Regulatory status | Clinical stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | ||||||
| BioNTech-Pfizer (BNT162b2) | RNA | Messenger RNA expressing spike protein | 2 (0, 21 days) | 95% | EUA in the US, EU, other countries. WHO EUL | 3 |
| Moderna-NIAID (mRNA-1273) | RNA | LNP encapsulated mNRA | 2 (0, 28 days) | 94.1% | EUA in the US, EU, UK, other countries | 3 |
| University of Oxford AstraZeneca (AZD1222) | Viral vector | ChAdOxnCoV-19 (non-replicating adenovirus) | 1-2 (0, 28 days) | 66.7% | Emergency use in UK, EU, other countries. WHO EUL | 3 |
| Johnson & Johnson-Janssen (JNJ-78436735) | Viral vector | Ad26COVS1 (non-replicating adenovirus) | 1-2 (0, 56 days) | 57%–72% | EUA in the US | 3 |
| Novavax (NVX-CoV2373) | Protein subunit | Spike protein plus Matrix-M | 2 (0, 21 days) | 49.4%–89.3% | EUA submission planned for early 2021 | 3 |
| Sanofi-GSK | Protein subunit | Spike protein (baculovirus production) | 2 (0, 21 days) | Not available | Started a phase 2 trial in February 2021 | 1/2 |
| Other countries | ||||||
| CanSino China (Convidecia) China | Viral vector | Ad5 nCoV (non-replicating AdV5 expressing spike protein) | 1 | Not available | Limited use in China | 3 |
| Sinopharm-Beijing (BBIBP-CorV) China | Inactivated | Inactivated virus | 2 (0, 21 days) | 79.3%–85% | Approved in China, UAE, Bahrain; emergency use in Egypt, other countries | 3 |
| Sinopharm-Wuhan China | Inactivated | Inactivated virus | 2 (0, 21 days) | Not available | Limited use in China, UAE | 3 |
| Sinovac (CoronaVac) China | Inactivated | Inactivated virus plus aluminum hydroxide | 2 (0, 14 days) | 50.4%–91.3% | Approved in China; emergency use in Brazil, other countries | 3 |
| Gamaleya (Sputinik V) Russia | Viral vector | Adenovirus 26/5 | 2 (0, 21 days) | 91.6% | Early use in Russia; emergency use in other countries | 3 |
| Bharat Biotech (Covaxin) India | Inactivated | Whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | 2 (0, 14 days) | Not available | Emergency use in India | 3 |
EU = European Union; EUA = emergency use authorization; EUL = emergency use listing; GSK = GlaxoSmithKline; LPN = lipid nanoparticle-based; NIAID = National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease; UAE = United Arab Emirates; UK = United Kingdom; WHO = World Health Organization
Adapted from references 5,8