TABLE 1

Incubation periods of common travel-related infectionsa

Short (< 10 days)Medium (10–21 days)Long (> 21 days)
  • Bacteria

    • Typhoid and paratyphoid

    • Bacterial diarrhea

    • Bacterial pneumonia

    • Neisseria meningitidis

    • Brucella species

    • Rickettsia species

  • Spirochetes

    • Relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis)

    • Leptospirosis

  • Viruses

    • Hemorrhagic feversb

    • Respiratory viruses

    • Influenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

    • Measles

  • Protozoa

    • Malaria

    • African trypanosomiasis

    • Amoebic dysentery

  • Parasite

    • Fascioliasis

  • Bacteria

    • Typhoid and paratyphoid

    • Brucella species

    • Rickettsia species

  • Spirochete

    • Leptospirosis

  • Viruses

    • Hemorrhagic feversb

    • Human immunodeficiency virus (acute)

    • Cytomegalovirus

    • Hepatitis A

    • Rabies

    • Measles

    • Chicken pox (varicella)

  • Protozoa

    • Malaria

    • Giardia

    • Toxoplasma

    • African trypanosomiasis

  • Parasite

    • Babesia

  • Bacteria

    • Rickettsia species

    • Brucella species

    • Bartonellosis

    • Tuberculosis

  • Spirochetes

    • Leptospirosis

    • Syphilis

  • Viruses

    • HIV (acute)

    • Hepatitis B, hepatitis C

    • Epstein-Barr virus

    • Cytomegalovirus

    • Rabies

    • Measles

  • Protozoa

    • Malaria

    • Leishmaniasis

    • African trypanosomiasis

  • Parasites

    • Filariasis

    • Leishmaniasis

    • Amebic liver abscess

    • Babesia

  • a Bold-face type indicates a serious transmissible infection; isolation precaution is mandatory when such infections are suspected.

  • b Viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers in humans comprise 5 distinct families:

    • Arenaviridae (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Junin virus, Machupo virus, Lassa virus, Guanarito virus, Sabia virus, Chapare virus, Lujo virus)

    • Bunyaviridae (orthobunyavirus, phlebovirus [eg, Rift Valley fever virus], nairovirus [eg, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever], hantavirus)

    • Flaviviridae (yellow fever, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus, Zika virus)

    • Filoviridae (cuevavirus, Marburgvirus, Ebolavirus)

    • Paramyxoviridae (measles, mumps, Newcastle disease virus, Hendra virus, Nipah virus).