TABLE 2

Clinical risk factors for fractures

Older age
Low body weight and skeletal size
Family history of osteoporosis or fractures
Patient history of fractures
History of falls and imbalance
History of adult diseases compromising bone: endocrine disorders, bowel disease, nutritional disorders, renal disease
History of use of bone-toxic drugs: glucocorticoids, antiestrogens, antiandrogens, oncology agents
History of childhood disease impacting skeletal development
History of pubertal problems: delayed or absent puberty, amenorrhea, anorexia nervosa
History of harmful lifestyle: alcohol, tobacco, inactivity
Increased bone turnover markers