TABLE 1

Consumer-grade ‘smart devices’ for detecting cardiac arrhythmias

Device	CE and FDA clearance	Validation	PPG monitoring frequency	Sensitivity, %	Specificity, %
FibriCheck⁶ smartphone camera app	Atrial fibrillation	Validated vs standard 12-lead ECG	Not applicable	95.6	96.6
KardiaMobile¹⁰ ECG monitor	Single-lead and 6-lead ECG to detect bradycardia, tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation	Validated vs standard 12-lead ECG	Not applicable	96.6	94.1
Apple Watch Series 6⁹	Irregular heart rhythm notification and ECG monitoring	Validated vs standard 12-lead ECG^a	Intermittent (every 5 minutes)	85	75
Garmin smartwatch⁸	Garmin Venu 2 Plus model with ECG capability	Garmin Forerunner 945 model validated vs Holter monitoring	Continuous	96.9	99.3
Samsung smartwatch⁷	ECG capability	Active 2 model validated vs BioTech ECG patch	Intermittent or continuous (user defined)	96.9	99.3
Fitbit⁹	Detecting atrial fibrillation, with ECG capability	Fitbit Sense model validated vs standard 12-lead ECG^a	Continuous in some models (eg, Fitbit Charge 5)	66	79
Withings ScanWatch⁹	Detecting atrial fibrillation using ECG functionality and measuring blood oxygen saturation	Validated vs standard 12-lead ECG^a	Intermittent (every 10 minutes)	58	75

↵a The BASEL Wearable Study (reference 9) also validated Samsung Galaxy Watch 3 and KardiaMobile against standard 12-lead ECG and demonstrated closely comparable sensitivity and specificity to the Apple Watch, Fitbit, and Withings ScanWatch.
CE = Conformité Européenne; ECG = electrocardiography; FDA = US Food and Drug Administration; PPG = photoplethysmography