Trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in chronic kidney disease
| Trial | Patients | Intervention | Primary composite end point | Primary composite results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CREDENCE (2019)24 | 4,401 adults eGFR 30–89 mL/minute/1.73 m2 and UACR 301–5,000 mg/g Type 2 diabetes | Canagliflozin 100 mg | End-stage kidney disease,a double serum creatinine, or cardiovascular or renal death | 43.2 vs 61.2 events/1,000 patient years (NNT = 22) |
| DAPA-CKD (2020)22 | 4,304 adults eGFR 25–75 mL/minute/1.73 m2 and UACR 200–5,000 mg/g With or without diabetes mellitus | Dapagliflozin 10 mg | ≥ 50% sustained decline in eGFR, end-stage kidney disease,b or cardiovascular or renal death | 9.2% vs 14.5% (NNT = 19) |
| EMPA-KIDNEY (2023)23 | 6,609 adults eGFR 20–44 mL/minute/1.73 m2 or eGFR 45–89 mL/minute/1.73 m2 and UACR ≥ 200 mg/g With or without diabetes mellitus | Empagliflozin 10 mg | Kidney disease progressionc or cardiovascular death | 13.1% vs 16.9% (NNT = 26) |
↵a CREDENCE: dialysis for at least 30 days, kidney transplantation, or eGFR < 15 mL/minute/1.73 m2.
↵b DAPA-CKD: maintenance dialysis ≥ 28 days, kidney transplantation, or eGFR < 15 mL/minute/1.73 m2.
↵c EMPA-KIDNEY: initiation of maintenance dialysis, receipt of kidney transplant, eGFR < 10 mL/minute/1.73 m2, sustained decrease in eGFR ≥ 40%, or renal death.
CREDENCE = Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation; DAPA-CKD = Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; EMPA-KIDNEY = Study of Heart and Kidney Protection with Empagliflozin; NNT = number needed to treat; UACR = urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio