TABLE 2

Reported rates of complications from transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts

ComplicationsReported rate, %
Major3
 Hemoperitoneum0.5
 Biliary peritonitis1
 Stent malposition1
 Hemobilia2
 Renal failure requiring dialysis0.25
 Hepatic infarction0.5
 Hepatic artery injury1
 Liver failure3
Minor4
 Medically controlled encephalopathy15–25
 Transient pulmonary edema1
 Fever2
 Entry-site hematoma2
  • Based on information from reference 19.