TABLE 4

Clinical manifestations of digoxin toxicity

Cardiac
Tachyarrhythmias
 Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia
 Ventricular tachycardia
 Ventricular fibrillation
 Atrial fibrillation
 Supraventricular tachycardia
Bradyarrhythmias
 Sinus bradycardia
 Atrioventricular block
 Asystole
Increased ectopy
 Atrial ectopy
 Ventricular ectopy
 Ventricular bigeminy
Gastrointestinal
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Mesenteric ischemia and diarrhea (rare)
Central nervous system
Color perception disturbances (xanthochromia)
Visual disturbances (halos)
Headaches
Confusion
Apathy
Electrolyte abnormalities
Hyperkalemia
Constitutional
Fatigue
Anorexia
  • Based on information from references 15,19,20,22,23.