TABLE 1

Efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines

Vaccine	Group	Number of patients	Cases of severe disease^{^a}	Vaccine efficacy against severe disease (%)^{^a}	Serious adverse event rates (%)^{^a,^b,^c}
Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty)¹⁵	Vaccine	21,720	1	90	0.6
Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty)¹⁵	Placebo	21,728	9		0.5
Moderna (Spikevax)¹⁶	Vaccine	15,181	0	100	1.6
Moderna (Spikevax)¹⁶	Placebo	15,170	30		1.4
Novavax (NVX-CoV2373)¹⁷	Vaccine	19,714	0	100	0.6
Novavax (NVX-CoV2373)¹⁷	Placebo	9,868	4		0.6

↵^aThe only valid comparisons are between the placebo and vaccine groups for each vaccine due to slightly different reporting criteria.
↵^bSlightly different definitions were used in different trials.
↵^cAs specified in the text, lower-grade adverse events, typically local reactions, were frequent in both the placebo (22%–43%) and vaccine (78%–92%) groups.