Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) causes and risk factors
| Classification by cause |
| Idiopathic (90% of cases) |
| Genetic |
| Monosomy X (Turner syndrome) |
| Fragile X premutation (fragile X mental retardation 1 [FMR1]) carrier |
| Autoimmune |
| Isolated |
| In association with polyglandular failure |
| Iatrogenic |
| Cancer treatment with chemotherapeutic agents, stem cell transplantation, or pelvic radiation (exposure > 10–12 Gy highest risk) |
| Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
| Risk factors for POI and early menopause |
| Family history (menopause before age 46 in mother, sister, aunt, or grandmother) |
| Smokinga |
| Earlier onset of menopause |
| Increased prevalence and severity of vasomotor symptoms |
↵aIn the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging,2 which examined multimorbidity risk in POI, 15.5% of women in the POI group smoked vs 7.3% in the group who experienced menopause at an average age.
Based on information from references 4 and 5.