Recommendations for perioperative prevention and management of acute kidney injury
| Use isotonic crystalloids rather than colloids for volume expansion in the absence of hemorrhagic shock |
| Use vasopressors in conjunction with fluids to manage vasomotor shock in patients at risk of acute kidney injury |
| Use protocol-based management of hemodynamics and oxygenation parameters in high-risk patients in perioperative setting or patients in septic shock |
| Target a total energy intake of 20 to 30 kcal/kg/day in patients with acute kidney injury |
| Avoid nephrotoxic medications such as aminoglycosides |
| Use renal dosing for medications |
Adapted from information in reference 15.