Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis: Common endoscopic and histologic features
| Endoscopic features |
| Edema |
| Erythema |
| Friability |
| Loss of vascular pattern |
| Granularity of mucosa |
| “Skip” or continuous inflammation |
| Spontaneous bleeding |
| Deep or “punched-out” ulceration |
| Histologic features |
| Erosion and ulcers |
| Cryptitis and crypt abscess |
| Crypt distortion |
| Prominent crypt apoptosis |
| Intraepithelial lymphocytosis |
| Infiltration of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria |
| Intranuclear inclusion bodies (concurrent cytomegalovirus) |
| Rare transmural inflammation |
| Noncaseating granulomas |