TABLE 3

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing scoring system for patients with heart failure

VariableValuePoints
Ventilation/carbon dioxide (Ve/Vco2) slope≥ 347
Heart rate recoverya≤ 6 bpm5b
Oxygen uptake efficiency slope≤ 1.42
Peak Vo2≤ 14 mL/kg/min2

  • Score > 15 points: annual mortality rate 12.2%; relative risk > 9 for transplant, left ventricular assist device, or cardiac death.

  • Score < 5 points: annual mortality rate 1.2%.

  • ↵a Maximum heart rate minus heart rate at 1 minute in recovery.

  • ↵b 2 points if on a beta-blocker.

  • Information from reference 24.