TABLE 1

Metabolic surgery for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Randomized controlled clinical trials

Study	Pts with BMI < 35 kg/m²	Study design	No. pts	Follow-up (mo)	Remission criteria	Remission^a or change in HbA1c (%)	P value
Dixon²⁸	22%	LAGB vs control	60	24	HbA1c < 6.2%	73 vs 13	< .001
Schauer^29,30,43	36%	RYGB vs SG vs control	150	60	HbA1c ≤ 6.0%	22 vs 15 vs 0	< .05
Mingrone^31,32	0%	RYGB vs BPD vs control	60	60	HbA1c ≤ 6.5%	42 vs 68 vs 0	.003
Ikramuddin^33,34	59%	RYGB vs control	120	24	HbA1c < 6.0%	44 vs 9	< .001
Liang³⁵	100%	RYGB vs control	101	12	HbA1c < 6.5%	90 vs 0 vs 0^b	< .0001
Halperin³⁶	34%	RYGB vs control	38	12	HbA1c < 6.5%	58 vs 16	.03
Courcoulas^37,38	43%	RYGB vs LAGB vs control	69	36	HbA1c < 6.5%	40 vs 29 vs 0	.004
Wentworth³⁹	100%	LAGB vs control	51	24	FBG < 7.0 mmol/L	52 vs 8	.001
Parikh⁴⁰	100%	RYGB/LAGB/SG vs control	57	6	HbA1c < 6.5%	65 vs 0	.0001
Ding⁴¹	34%	LAGB vs control	45	12	HbA1c < 6.5%	33 vs 23^c	.46
Cummings⁴²	25%	RYGB vs control	43	12	HbA1c < 6.0%	60 vs 5.9	.002
Shah⁴⁴	85	RYGB vs control	80	24	HbA1c < 6.5%	60 vs 2.5	< .001

Remission criteria:
↵a Remission was primary or secondary end point; HbA1c value without diabetes medications, unless otherwise specific.
↵b Remission was not precisely defined; HbA1c < 6.5% by extrapolation.
↵c Intermittent diabetes medications.
BMI = body mass index; BPD = biliopancreatic diversion; FBG = fasting blood glucose; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; LAGB = laparoscopic adjustable gastric band; RYGB = Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; SG = sleeve gastrectomy
Modified from Schauer PR, et al. Clinical outcomes of metabolic surgery: efficacy of glycemic control, weight loss, and remission of diabetes. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:908–911. ©2016 American Diabetes Association. All rights reserved. Material from this publication is used with the permission of American Diabetes Association.