Signs of congestive heart failure
| Signs | Positive likelihood ratio | Negative likelihood ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Jugular venous pressure ≥ 8 cm23,26 | 9.7 | 0.3 |
| Jugular venous pressure ≥ 12 cm23,24 | 10.4 | 0.1 |
| Abdominojugular reflux28–30 | 8.0 | 0.3 |
| Displaced apical impulse31–34 | 10.3 | 0.7 |