TABLE 1

Nonneuromuscular disorders that can cause elevated creatine kinase

Endocrine disorders
Hyperthyroidism (rare)
Hypothyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Acromegaly
Cushing syndrome
Metabolic disturbances
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Hypophosphatemia
Muscle trauma
Strenuous exercise
Intramuscular injections
Needle electromyography
Seizures
Medications
Statins
Fibrates
Antiretrovirals
Beta-blockers
Clozapine
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Hydroxychloroquine
Isotretinoin
Colchicine
Others
Celiac disease
Malignancy
Macro CK
Surgery
Pregnancy
Cardiac disease
Acute kidney disease
Viral illness
Predisposition to malignant hyperthermia