TABLE 4

Differential diagnosis of nontraumatic myelopathy

CompressiveNoncompressive
Infectious
Epidural abscess
Neurocysticercosis
Neoplastic

Astrocytoma
Ependyoma
Hemangioblastoma
Lymphoma
Metastasis

Hematologic Epidural hematoma
Degeneration Herniated disk
Disk-osteophyte complex

Congenital
Arnold-Chiari malformation
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele
Infectious
Herpes infection
Human immunodeficiency virus
Tuberculosis
Toxoplasmosis
Bacterial infection
Fungal infection

Vascular
Spinal cord stroke
Spinal arteriovenous malformation
Fibrocartilaginous embolism
Vasculitis

Demyelinating
Multiple sclerosis
Neuromyelitis optica