Causes of elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure on echocardiography
| Echocardiographic limitations | Constitutional factors | High cardiac output states | Elevated right ventricular afterload |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inadequate tricuspid regurgitant jet envelope Poor estimation of right atrial pressure Doppler gain too high | Age older than 50 Obesity Decreased blood viscosity Small right atrium | Pregnancy Anemia Cirrhosis Hyperthyroidism Arteriovenous fistula Beriberi Skeletal disorders (osteitis deformans, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, multiple myeloma) | Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary embolism Unilateral pneumonectomy |