Elements of an intestinal rehabilitation program
| Diet education |
| Dietary modifications |
| With colon: 50%–60% complex carbohydrates, 20%–30% protein, and 20%–30% fat |
| Without colon: 40%–50% complex carbohydrates, 20–30% protein, and fat as tolerated |
| Soluble fiber |
| Oral rehydration solution |
| Specialized nutrients (eg, vitamins, minerals, modular proteins, medium-chain triglycerides, probiotics) |
| Pharmacologic agents |
| Antidiarrheals |
| Histamine 2 receptor blockers |
| Proton pump inhibitors |
| Somatostatin analogue |
| Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist |
| Bile acid therapy |
| Pancreatic enzymes |
| Antimicrobials |
| Enteral nutrition |
| Growth factors Growth hormone Glucagon-like peptide 2 analogues |
| Surgical treatments |
| Reconstructive surgery Reversed-segment procedures Stricturoplasty Bowel-lengthening procedures: Bianchi procedure, serial transverse enteroplasty |
| Intestinal transplant Isolated small-bowel transplant Combined liver and small-bowel transplant Multivisceral transplant and modified multivisceral transplant |