TABLE 3

Causes of false-positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing for Lyme disease

Infections
Bacterial infection
 Infective endocarditis
  Other borrelial disease (eg, relapsing fever)
  Other spirochetal infection (eg, syphilis, leptospirosis)
Viral infection
  Epstein-Barr virus (polyclonal antibody production)
Parasitic infection
  Malaria (polyclonal antibody production)
Noninfectious causes
Autoimmune conditions
  Systemic lupus erythematosus
  Rheumatoid arthritis