TABLE 1

Heart failure stages and functional classes

NYHA class INYHA class IINYHA class IIINYHA class IV
No physical limitationsSlight limitation of physical activityMarked limitation of physical activitySymptoms at rest
Stage AStage BStage CStage D
Patients at risk for heart failure
No structural disease		Structural disease
No heart failure symptoms		Structural disease
Heart failure symptoms		End-stage disease

  • NYHA = New York Heart Association

  • Reprinted from Okwuosa IS, Princewill O, Nwabueze C, et al. The ABCs of managing systolic heart failure: past, present, and future. Cleve Clin J Med 2016; 83(10):753-765. doi:10.3949/ccjm.83a.16006