Causes of central hypogonadism
| Local (pituitary and hypothalamus) |
| Congenital |
| Kallmann syndrome |
| Prader-Willi syndrome |
| Idiopathic panhypopituitarism |
| Mutations in luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone subunits |
| Acquired |
| Pituitary masses and tumors |
| Pituitary destruction (surgery, radiation) |
| Pituitary apoplexy |
| Head trauma |
| Meningitis (especially tuberculosis) |
| Infiltrative diseases (eg, hemochromatosis) |
| Idiopathic |
| Systemic |
| Metabolic |
| Hyperprolactinemia |
| Obesity |
| Malnutrition |
| Eating disorders (eg, anorexia nervosa) |
| Excessive exercise |
| Drug- or substance-related |
| Glucocorticoids, opioids, estrogens, and progestins |
| Androgen withdrawal |
| Alcohol and marijuana abuse |
| Others |
| Acute critical illness (eg, myocardial infarction, surgery) |
| Chronic systemic disease (eg, cirrhosis, organ failure, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) |