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Altered Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Just a Coincidence?

  • Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance (M-E Patti, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In the last decade many studies have suggested an association between the altered gut microbiota and multiple systemic diseases including diabetes. In this review, we will discuss potential pathophysiological mechanisms, the latest findings regarding the mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the results obtained with experimental modulation of microbiota.

Recent Findings

In T2D, gut dysbiosis contributes to onset and maintenance of insulin resistance. Different strategies that reduce dysbiosis can improve glycemic control.

Summary

Evidence in animals and humans reveals differences between the gut microbial composition in healthy individuals and those with T2D. Changes in the intestinal ecosystem could cause inflammation, alter intestinal permeability, and modulate metabolism of bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and metabolites that act synergistically on metabolic regulation systems contributing to insulin resistance. Interventions that restore equilibrium in the gut appear to have beneficial effects and improve glycemic control. Future research should examine in detail and in larger studies other possible pathophysiological mechanisms to identify specific pathways modulated by microbiota modulation and identify new potential therapeutic targets.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Sassari, Italy

    Antonio Sircana

  2. HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, C.so Regina Margherita 8, 10132, Turin, Italy

    Luciana Framarin, Nicola Leone, Mara Berrutti, Francesca Castellino, Renato Parente, Elena Paschetta & Giovanni Musso

  3. Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Franco De Michieli

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  1. Antonio Sircana
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Correspondence to Giovanni Musso.

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Antonio Sircana, Luciana Framarin, Nicola Leone, Mara Berrutti, Francesca Castellino, Renato Parente, Franco De Michieli, Elena Paschetta, and Giovanni Musso declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance

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Sircana, A., Framarin, L., Leone, N. et al. Altered Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Just a Coincidence?. Curr Diab Rep 18, 98 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1057-6

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