Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary TractPrevalence and ethnic differences in gallbladder disease in the United States☆
Section snippets
Study participants
NHANES III was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from September 1988 through September 1994. Designed to provide national estimates of health and nutritional status of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, NHANES III gathered information through household interviews, standardized physical examinations, and laboratory testing. The study was approved by the CDC Institutional Review Board, and
Results
Diagnostic gallbladder ultrasonography examinations were performed on 14,238 NHANES III participants, of whom 1149 had gallstones and 886 had undergone cholecystectomies. A total of 20.5 million persons in the United States, 6.3 million men and 14.2 million women, aged 20–74 years were estimated to have GBD (Table 1).
Empty Cell Empty Cell Gallstones Cholecystectomy GBD Sex, age group (yr) Sample size Empty Cell
Discussion
The NHANES III applied ultrasonography of the gallbladder to a large multiethnic population sample with the goal of establishing the prevalence and risk factors for GBD in the United States. Data collection and quality control were carefully considered from the outset with 2 independent assessments of every ultrasound and repeat ultrasound examination for more than 1100 participants. The chance corrected percent agreement for gallstones and cholecystectomy between readers and between repeat
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the following persons for their assistance in planning and executing the NHANES III ultrasound examinations: ultrasonographers Cynthia Runco and Diane Palmer; radiologists Diane Huntington, Thomas Shawker, Roger Sanders, and Cecilia Brennicke; and Pierre Renault, Harold Roth, and Catherine Novak.
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Address requests for reprints to: James E. Everhart, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Natcher Building, Room 6AN-12J, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6600, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6600. e-mail: [email protected].