Original contributionEmergency department treatment of alcohol withdrawal seizures with phenytoin
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Cited by (53)
Status Epilepticus: A Neurologic Emergency
2023, Critical Care ClinicsThe role of group i mGlu receptors in the expression of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference and ethanol withdrawal seizures in rats
2011, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Although benzodiazepines and other positive modulators of GABAA receptors are commonly used for treatment of ethanol withdrawal seizures, they are relatively modestly active (Rogawski, 2005). Antiepileptic drugs, such as carbamazepine and phenytoine are also weak or ineffective in protecting against the ethanol withdrawal seizures (Barrons and Roberts, 2010; Bayard et al., 2004; Chance, 1991). Recently, Besheer et al. (2009) indicated that riluzole, a drug that inhibits NMDA and enhances GABAA receptor system, significantly decreased ethanol self-administration and the severity of handling-induced convulsions during ethanol withdrawal in mice.
Alcohol-Related Seizures
2011, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :If CSF infection is a possibility, intravenous antibiotic therapy should be started, blood cultures obtained, and a lumbar puncture considered.36 Phenytoin has no significant benefit over placebo in preventing recurrence of AWS.1,37 Considering the risks of phenytoin and no demonstrated benefit in the setting of AWS, it is not indicated for the treatment of AWS.
Toxin-Related Seizures
2011, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North AmericaTwenty per Hour: Altered Mental State Due to Ethanol Abuse and Withdrawal
2010, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Anticonvulsants such as phenytoin also have no role in ethanol withdrawal states (even withdrawal-related seizures), unless the patient has an underlying seizure disorder. This situation is sometimes seen when chronic ethanol abusers suffer head trauma and have epileptogenic foci, in which case anticonvulsants may be adjunct therapy to benzodiazepines in the emergency setting.122 There has been some evidence derived from ambulatory patients in Europe that carbamazepine is equal in efficacy to phenobarbital and oxazepam (the benzodiazepine used for comparison).
Alcohol and the Nervous System
2008, Neurology and General Medicine