Abstract
Over the past several years, the prevalence of human disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has increased. Whether the increase in cases is real or whether more cases are being recognized remains unclear. Despite a considerable increase in knowledge about NTM infections, they still represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for several reasons: 1) pathogenic isolates may be indistinguishable from contaminant or saprophytic isolates; 2) timely and reliable identification of isolates may depend on proper communication between clinicians and laboratory staff; 3) lack of standardized susceptibility testing makes adoption of tailored therapies unrealistic; and 4) lack of treatment guidelines exposes patients to toxic drugs and disappointing outcomes. Laboratory research and multicenter controlled trials are needed to improve diagnosis and treatment of these infections.
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Animals
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Child, Preschool
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Humans
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Immunocompetence*
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Infant
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Lymphadenitis* / epidemiology
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Lymphadenitis* / microbiology
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Mycobacterium Infections* / diagnosis
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Mycobacterium Infections* / epidemiology
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Mycobacterium Infections* / microbiology
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Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / epidemiology
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Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / microbiology
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Mycobacterium marinum / classification
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Mycobacterium marinum / isolation & purification
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Mycobacterium marinum / pathogenicity
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Mycobacterium* / classification
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Mycobacterium* / isolation & purification
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Mycobacterium* / pathogenicity
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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / classification
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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / isolation & purification
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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / pathogenicity
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Prevalence
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Skin Diseases, Bacterial* / epidemiology
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Skin Diseases, Bacterial* / microbiology
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Soft Tissue Infections* / epidemiology
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Soft Tissue Infections* / microbiology
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Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular* / epidemiology
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Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular* / microbiology