A majority of women experience some change in sexual function during the years immediately before and after the menopause. Common sexual complaints include loss of desire, decreased frequency of sexual activity, painful intercourse, diminished sexual responsiveness, and dysfunctions of the male partner. Sexual function is influenced by biologic and nonbiologic factors. Sexual arousal, including sensory perception, central and peripheral nerve discharge, peripheral blood flow, and the capacity to develop muscle tension, as well as sexual desire and frequency of sexual activity, can all be influenced by ovarian hormone levels. Sexual function is also influenced by the interplay of psychological, sociocultural, and interpersonal factors. Health care professionals can play an important role in the evaluation, education, counseling, and treatment of the menopausal woman.