Background Evidence suggests that mild head injuries in humans can result in cumulative
damage. No investigation to date has considered the effects of multiple subacute mild head …

BACKGROUND The American College of Surgeons has defined six minimum activation
criteria (ACS-6) for the highest level of trauma activations at trauma centers. The verification …

Background The Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum has historically been associated
with significant postoperative pain, which has been the major factor contributing to hospital …

BACKGROUND Pediatric all-terrain vehicle (ATV) injuries have been increasing annually
for more than a decade. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate crash …

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Although ultrasound is often the preferred pediatric imaging
study, many institutions lack ultrasound access at night; and computerized tomography (CT) …

Purpose : We validated a male rat model of bladder outflow obstruction and compared the
expression of bladder neurotrophic factor mRNA in male and female rats 6 weeks after …

Trauma is the leading case of death for children in the United States. Effective initial resuscitation
of pediatric trauma patients can reduce mortality. Guidelines have been developed to …

Background: US children aged between 5 years and 14 years have a rate of gun-related
homicide 17 times higher and a rate of gun-related suicide and unintentional firearm injury 10 …

Background APSA's Right Child/Right Surgeon Initiative addresses issues concerning
patient access to appropriate pediatric surgical care and workforce distribution. The APSA …

Plastic surgeons routinely encounter patients desiring correction of breast asymmetry,
hypoplastic growth, or other aesthetic concerns. An appropriate recognition of congenital breast …