The "Hawthorne effect" is often mentioned as a possible explanation for positive results in
intervention studies. It is used to cover many phenomena, not only unwitting confounding of …

Study Design. Cross-sectional cohort study of a general population. Objective. To investigate
“abnormal” lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and their prevalence …

Background Because training of the lumbar muscles is a commonly recommended intervention
in low back pain (LBP), it is important to clarify whether lumbar muscle atrophy is related …

In patients with low back pain (LBP) it is only possible to diagnose a small proportion, (approximately
20%), on a patho-anatomical basis. Therefore, the identification of relevant LBP …

It is believed that disc degeneration (DD) is, in general, only mildly associated with low back
pain (LBP). MRI-identified Modic changes (MC), probably a late stage of DD, are relatively …

Study Design. A randomized, prospective clinical study was conducted that included 119
patients with chronic neck pain of greater than 3 months' duration. Objectives. To compare the …

In a randomized, observer-blind trial, 150 men and women, aged 21-64 years, with chronic/subchronic
low-back pain, followed one of these three treatment regimens: 1) intensive, …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: For patients with low back pain, fear-avoidance beliefs (FABs)
represent cognitions and emotions that underpin concerns and fears about the potential for …

Background Active approaches including both specific and unspecific exercise are probably
the most widely recommended treatment for patients with chronic low back pain but it is not …

Study Design. Cross-sectional cohort study of a general population. Objective. To describe
associations between “abnormal” lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and …