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    José C. Yataco, MD and Raed A. Dweik, MD
    • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine October 2005, 72 (10) 854-872;
    • A rational diagnostic workup will reveal the cause in most cases.

  • Cytodiagnosis of rheumatoid pleural effusion

    Steven N. Becker, M.D
    • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine December 1983, 50 (4) 445-448;
  • Rapidly progressive pleural effusion

    Gregory W. Rutecki, MD, Zaid Zoumot, MBBS, Ali S. Wahla, MBBS and Samar Farha, MD
    • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine January 2019, 86 (1) 21-27;
    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.86a.18067
    • A 33-year-old nonsmoker presents with severe pleuritic chest pain; the differential diagnosis is broad.

  • Managing malignant pleural effusion

    Ali Saeed Wahla, MBBS, Mateen Uzbeck, MBBS, Yaser Abu El Sameed, MBBS and Zaid Zoumot, MBBS, MRCP, MSC, PHD
    • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine February 2019, 86 (2) 95-99;
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    • Depending on the circumstances, options are observation, thoracentesis, an indwelling catheter, and chemical pleurodesis.

  • Pleural effusion from a candy wrapper

    Smyrna Abou Antoun, MD and Edgard Wehbe, MD
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    • A 60-year-old man presents with worsening shortness of breath and productive cough. Flexible bronchoscopy reveals the surprising cause.

  • Pleural changes in malignant pleural effusions: appearance on computed tomography

    Peter B. O’Donovan, MB, BCh and Philip Eng, MD
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    • CT scanning appears to facilitate demonstration of several features that should arouse the clinician’s and radiologist’s suspicion of pleural malignancy.

  • When should an indwelling pleural catheter be considered for malignant pleural effusion?

    Abdul Hamid Alraiyes, MD, FCCP, Kassem Harris, MD, FCCP and Thomas R. Gildea, MD, MS, FCCP
    • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine December 2016, 83 (12) 891-894;
    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.83a.15075
    • Consider catheter placement if symptoms and effusions recur or if pleurodesis fails.

  • Physical examination in dyspnea (December 2017)

    • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine April 2018, 85 (4) 332;
    • Errors occurred in Shellenberger RA, Balakrishnan B, Avula S, Ebel A, Shaik S. Diagnostic value of the physical examination in patients with dyspnea. Cleve Clin J Med 2017; 84(12):943–950.

  • Yellow nails, ankle edema, and pleural effusion

    Federico Biscetti, MD, Giuseppe Straface, MD, Giulia De Angelis, MD and Andrea Flex, MD
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  • Rapidly progressive pleural effusion January 2019

    Scott Davidson, MD
    • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine April 2019, 86 (4) 236;
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    • Readers comment about deviation from guidelines during treatment of a patient with rapidly progressive pleural effusion (January 2019) and the effect of metformin on vitamin B12 levels (January 2019).

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