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Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

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Cardiovascular Diseases

  • You have access
    Evaluating cardiac risk in noncardiac surgery patients
    David L. Bronson, MD, Alan K. Halperin, MD and Thomas H. Marwick, MD, PhD
    Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine November 1995, 62 (6) 391-400;

    The history, examination, and resting EKG are the cornerstone of cardiac risk assessment, but new techniques are available for questionable cases.

  • You have access
    The role of multiple risk factors in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
    Ray W. Gifford, MD
    Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine May 1993, 60 (3) 211-218;

    BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States.

    OBJECTIVE To identify important modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and appropriate interventions.

    DISCUSSION The three most important modifiable risk factors are hypertension, cigarette smoking, and dyslipidemia. Systolic hypertension poses a greater risk than diastolic, but the prognostic significance of diastolic blood pressure may have been underestimated. When a smoker quits, the cardiovascular risk soon approaches that of the nonsmoker. Cardiovascular risk increases progressively with elevations of the serum total cholesterol level above 200 mg/dL. Recently identified risk factors include hyperinsulinemia and left ventricular hypertrophy.

    CONCLUSION Each patient deserves an evaluation of cardiovascular risk followed by education about and therapy for those risk factors that can be changed. When more than one risk factor is present, as is often the case, the increase in risk may be synergistic rather than additive.

  • You have access
    Calcium-channel antagonists: mechanisms of action, vascular selectivities, and clinical relevance
    Alan Bakst, PharmD and David J. Triggle, PhD
    Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine November 1992, 59 (6) 617-627;
  • You have access
    Circadian variations in cardiovascular disease
    Richard Clinton Becker, MD and Jeanne M. Corrao, RN, MS
    Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine October 1989, 56 (7) 676-680;
  • You have access
    Cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic renal failure
    Richard C. Becker, MD
    Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine November 1988, 55 (6) 521-530;

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