Electrodes

  • Durability of bipolar coaxial endocardial pacemaker leads compared with unipolar leads
    Marcelo E. Helguera, MD, Sergio L. Pinski, MD, James D. Maloney, MD, Javier R. Woscoboinik, MD, Richard G. Trohman, MD, Victor A. Morant, MD, Bruce L. Wilkoff, MD and Lon W. Castle, MD
    Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine January 1994, 61 (1) 25-28;

    Bipolar coaxial leads are preferable to unipolar leads in most aspects. Yet survival of bipolar coaxial leads in long-term follow-up studies seems worse than that of unipolar leads, indicating the need to reevaluate the risk-benefit ratio of the coaxial design.