Esophageal and Gastric Varices

  • Management of variceal bleeding in the 1990s
    J. Michael Henderson, MB, CHB, William D. Carey, MD, David P. Vogt, MD, David S. Barnes, MD, Margaret G. Zelch, MD and Cathy Blake, MSN, RN
    Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine November 1993, 60 (6) 431-438;

    Therapeutic options now include pharmacologic reduction of portal hypertension, endoscopic obliteration of varices, placement of decompressive shunts, and liver transplantation.