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Drug Mechanism of action FDA-approved indication(s) Dosage Adverse reactions/contraindications Comments Remdesivir inhibitor Adenosine analog RNA polymerase Not currently approved 200 mg IV on day 1, then 100 mg IV daily × 9 additional days Safety not fully established Currently undergoing several phase III clinical trials in the US for COVID-19 Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) Protease inhibitor HIV HIV: varies based on concomitant medications, typically lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100 mg twice daily Adverse reactions:
QTc prolongation, weight gain, fat redistribution, hepatotoxicity, increased cholesterol, hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, skin rash, gastrointestinal effects Caution/avoid use:
Lopinavir and ritonavir are strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and thus may have many drug interactionsClinical trials ongoing in the US and internationally Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Neuraminidase inhibitor Influenza A/B for treatment or prophylaxis Influenza: 75 mg twice daily Influenza prophylaxis: 75 mg once daily Adjust doses for renal function Adverse reactions:
Vomiting, nausea, headacheTwo randomized clinical trials currently ongoing in China Favipiravir (Avigan) Purine nucleotide RNA polymerase inhibitor Not currently approved Varies based on clinical trial Safety not fully established Currently undergoing clinical trial evaluation for COVID-19 in China and US Umifenovir (Arbidol) Viral envelope membrane fusion inhibitor via S-protein/ACE2 interaction Not currently approved Varies based on clinical trial Safety not fully established Pending further clinical trial evaluation for COVID-19 ACE2 = angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene; FDA = US Food & Drug Administration; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IV = intravenous; QTc = corrected QT interval; RNA = ribonucleic acid; US = United States
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