Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
“The Cow Pock—or—the Wonderful Effects of the New Inoculation” by cartoon satirist James Gillray, June 12, 1802. Portrays a scene from the Smallpox and Inoculation Hospital at St. Pancras of people taking the shape of cows after being inoculated with vaccinia by Edward Jenner.
Reproduced from Library of Congress. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ds.14062.
- Figure 2
Measles cases in the United States (A) 1962 to 2023 and (B) January 2023 to March 2024.
Adapted from reference 9.
- Figure 3
Clinical results from the pivotal studies of the (A) Pfizer-BioNTech, (B) Moderna, and (C) Novavax COVID-19 vaccines.
Adapted from references 14,18,19.
Tables
Vaccine Group Number of patients Cases of severe diseasea Vaccine efficacy against severe disease (%)a Serious adverse event rates (%)a,b,c Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty)15 Vaccine 21,720 1 90 0.6 Placebo 21,728 9 0.5 Moderna (Spikevax)16 Vaccine 15,181 0 100 1.6 Placebo 15,170 30 1.4 Novavax (NVX-CoV2373)17 Vaccine 19,714 0 100 0.6 Placebo 9,868 4 0.6 ↵aThe only valid comparisons are between the placebo and vaccine groups for each vaccine due to slightly different reporting criteria.
↵bSlightly different definitions were used in different trials.
↵cAs specified in the text, lower-grade adverse events, typically local reactions, were frequent in both the placebo (22%–43%) and vaccine (78%–92%) groups.
